Present Tense : Types of Present Tense (Learn Easy Grammar)

PRESENT TENSE

We use the present simple tense to describe

Things that are always true i.e. universal fact.                 

Example- The sun rises in the east.

Situation that exist now and will go on indefinitely.       

Example- Teachers teach the students.

Habits or things that happen regularly.                             

Example- We go to school everyday.

1. Present Simple (Indefinite) Tense:

In the simple present (Indefinite) Tense, the first form of the verb is used.          

Example-

• Respects my elders.
• You drive the car very carelessly. 
• Children love their parents.

Note - ‘s’ ‘es’ is added to the first from of the verb when the subject is in the third person and of singular number.          

Example-

• My brother goes to school.
• An eagle flies high up in the sky.
• A child loves to play with others’ toy.

Note -

• Add ‘es’ to the first form of the verb, if it ends in ‘ch’, ‘sh’, ‘o’, ‘ss’ or ‘x’      Example- marches, pushes, dose, passes, fixes.

·       If a verb ends in ‘y’ and is preceded with a consonant, change ‘y’ into ‘i’ and ‘es’               

Example- worry – worries, Fly – flies, Try – tries.

·       If there is a vowel before ‘y’ add only ‘s’ to the first form of the verb.

Example- obey – obeys, Enjoy – enjoys, pray – prays.

·       To all other verbs just add ‘s’

Example-Talk – talks, Sleep – sleeps, Fight – fights.

(a) Assertive Form:

I / we/ you/ they/plurals + 1^st form of the verb.

And 

He/ she/ it/ singular +1^st form of  the verb + s/es.  

Example-

• The student go to school 
• My brother goes to office.

(b) Interrogative Form: 

 Do / Dose + subject + 1st form of the verb +                              ?

OR

Question word + Do / Does + subject + 1^st form of verb +                         ?

Example-

• Do you know English? 
• Does she cook tasty food?
• When do you go to school?

Note: only first form of the verb is used with ‘do’ or ‘does’

(c) Negative Form: 

Subject + do not / does not + 1^st form of the verb +                             ?     

Example-

• My student do not want to fail.
• He does not get time to play.

(d) Interrogative Negative:

Do not / Does not + subject + 1^st form of the verb +                               ?      

Example-

• Don’t you want to succeed in life?               
• Doesn’t she disturb you always?

2. Present Continuous Tense: 

The present continuous tense describes

An action that is happening (now) at the time of speaking.            

Example- 

• we are learning English grammar.

To describe an action going on over a period of time, including the present, but may not be going on at the time of speaking.

Example-

• Nowadays my friend is working in American Institute.

(a) Assertive Form: 

Subject + is / am / are + 1^st form of the verb (infinitive) + ing + object.

Example-

• The teacher is teaching his students.  
• I am teaching my students.
• The student are listening to the teacher.   

(b) Interrogative Form: 

Subject + is / am / are + subject + 1^st form of the verb +                                ?   

Example-

• Is the teacher teaching his students?            
• Am I teaching my student ? 
• Are the  student listening to the teacher?

(c) Negative Form: 

Subject + is /am / are + not + 1^st form of the verb + ing + object.   

Example-

• He is not giving the answers to my questions.            
•  I am not teaching today.
• Student are not asking their difficulties.

3. Present perfect Tense: 

The present perfect tense refers to an action or a process that has been completed in the present.

(a) Assertive Form: 

Subject + has /have + 3^rd form of the verb ( past participle) + object                                Example-

• He has done his homework.
• You have solved all the examples.
• She has finished her work. 

(b) Interrogative Form:  

Has /have + subject + 3^rd from of the verb + -----------------------?                     

Example-

• Has he done his homework?
• Have you solved all the examples?
• Has she finished her work?

(c) Negative Form:

Subject + has /have + not + 3^rd form of the verb +----------------------------?

Example-

• He has not done his homework.
• You have not solved all the examples.         
• She has not finished her work.

4. Present perfect Continuous Tense:

This tense is used to describe an action that began in the past, is the still continuing and may extend into the future.

Note-

‘Since’ and ‘for’ are used with the present perfect continuous tense.
‘Since’ is used with a point of time. It denotes some definite point of time in the past till now.  Example- since evening, since Sunday, since 2007 etc.
‘For’ is used with a period of time. It denotes a ‘length of time’ till now.        Example- for several weeks, for seven days, for many years etc.

(a) Assertive Form: 

Subject + has /have + been + 1^st form of the verb + ing +                 +    Since / for + time

Example- 

• I have been living in Kota since 2005.
• The child has been crying for one hour.

(b) Interrogative Form:  

Has /have + subject + been + 1^st from of the verb + ing +-------------------------- + since / for + time

Example-

• Have I been living in Kota since 2005?
• Has the child been crying for one hour?

(c) Negative Form:

Subject + has /have + not been + 1^st form of the verb + ing +   ------------------ + since / for + time 

Example-

• I have not been living in Kota since 2005.
• The child has not been crying for one hour.